α = Rp - [Rf + β(Rm - Rf)]

σ = √(Σ(xi-μ)²/N)

Sharpe = (Rp-Rf)/σp

MACD = EMA₁₂ - EMA₂₆

RSI = 100 - 100/(1+RS)

Bollinger = μ ± 2σ

Kelly = (bp-q)/b

VaR₀.₀₅ = μ - 1.645σ

β = Cov(Ri,Rm)/Var(Rm)

E[R] = Rf + β·(Rm-Rf)